Cov kav dej tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov li qub yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg. 5 lub li qub feem ntau hauv cov kav dej tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm li cas? Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb? Cov kav dej tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov li qub yog dab tsi? (11 hom kav dej + 4 hom kav dej + 11 lub li qub loj) Cov kav dej tshuaj lom neeg, tag nrho cov no tau ua tiav hauv ib tsab xov xwm!

Cov kav dej tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas

Cov hom kav dej tshuaj lom neeg raug faib ua pawg los ntawm cov khoom siv: kav hlau thiab cov kav dej uas tsis yog hlau.

Lub raj hlau

Cov kav dej hlau cam khwb cia, cov kav dej hlau sib txuas, cov kav dej hlau tsis sib txuas, cov kav dej tooj liab, cov kav dej txhuas, thiab cov kav dej txhuas.

①Cov yeeb nkab hlau cam khwb cia:

Cov yeeb nkab hlau cam khwb cia yog ib qho ntawm cov yeeb nkab siv feem ntau hauv cov kav dej tshuaj lom neeg.

Vim nws qhov brittleness thiab kev sib txuas tsis nruj, nws tsuas yog tsim rau kev xa cov xov xwm qis-siab, thiab tsis haum rau kev xa cov pa kub thiab siab-siab thiab cov tshuaj lom thiab tawg. Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov kav dej hauv av, cov roj loj thiab cov kav dej phwj. Cov lus qhia ntawm cov kav hlau cam khwb cia yog qhia los ntawm Ф sab hauv txoj kab uas hla × phab ntsa tuab (hli).

② Cov yeeb nkab hlau sib txuas:

Cov kav hlau seam raug muab faib ua cov kav dej roj ib txwm (kev tiv taus siab 0.1 ～ 1.0MPa) thiab cov kav dej tuab (kev tiv taus siab 1.0 ～ 0.5MPa) raws li lawv lub zog ua haujlwm.

Feem ntau nws yog siv los thauj cov kua dej siab xws li dej, roj, cua sov, cua compressed, thiab roj. Cov kav dej galvanized hu ua cov kav hlau galvanized lossis cov kav hlau galvanized. Cov uas tsis yog galvanized hu ua cov kav hlau dub. Nws cov lus qhia yog qhia raws li txoj kab uas hla nominal. Txoj kab uas hla nominal tsawg kawg nkaus yog 6 hli thiab txoj kab uas hla nominal siab tshaj plaws yog 150 hli.

③Cov yeeb nkab hlau tsis muaj qhov sib txuas:

Qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau seamless yog nws qhov zoo sib xws thiab lub zog siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv yog cov hlau carbon, cov hlau zoo, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, cov hlau tsis xeb, thiab cov hlau tiv taus cua sov. Vim yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom sib txawv, muaj ob hom: cov kav hlau kub dov thiab cov kav hlau txias dov. Hauv kev tsim cov kav dej, cov kav hlau kub dov feem ntau siv thaum lub cheeb tshaj 57 hli, thiab cov kav hlau txias dov feem ntau siv thaum lub cheeb qis dua 57 hli.

Cov yeeb nkab hlau tsis muaj qhov sib txuas feem ntau siv los thauj txhua yam roj, pa thiab kua uas muaj siab, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab dua (kwv yees li 435 ° C). Cov yeeb nkab hlau sib txuas yog siv los thauj cov khoom siv corrosive, ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau uas tiv taus cua sov tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog li 900-950 ℃. Cov lus qhia ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau tsis muaj qhov sib txuas yog qhia los ntawm Ф sab hauv txoj kab uas hla × phab ntsa tuab (mm).

Qhov siab tshaj plaws sab nraud ntawm cov yeeb nkab txias rub yog 200 hli, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws sab nraud ntawm cov yeeb nkab kub dov yog 630 hli. Cov yeeb nkab hlau tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke raug muab faib ua cov yeeb nkab dav dav thiab cov yeeb nkab tshwj xeeb raws li lawv siv, xws li cov yeeb nkab roj av tawg, cov yeeb nkab boiler tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw, thiab cov yeeb nkab chiv tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw.

④ Cov yeeb nkab tooj liab:

Lub raj tooj liab muaj cov nyhuv hloov pauv cua sov zoo.

Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov kav dej ntawm cov khoom siv pauv cua sov thiab cov khoom siv cryogenic, cov raj ntsuas siab lossis xa cov kua dej siab, tab sis thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 250 ℃, nws tsis haum rau siv hauv qab siab. Vim tias tus nqi kim dua, nws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw tseem ceeb.

⑤Tub raj txhuas:

Aluminium muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo.

Cov raj txhuas feem ntau siv los thauj cov khoom xws li cov kua qaub sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide thiab carbon dioxide, thiab kuj siv rau hauv cov khoom sib pauv cua sov. Cov raj txhuas tsis tiv taus alkali thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv los thauj cov kua qaub alkali thiab cov kua uas muaj chloride ions.

Raws li lub zog kho tshuab ntawm lub raj xa dej txhuas txo qis ntau nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias nce ntxiv, qhov kub siv ntawm lub raj xa dej txhuas yuav tsis pub tshaj 200 ° C, thiab qhov kub siv yuav qis dua rau cov kav dej uas muaj siab. Cov txhuas muaj cov khoom kho tshuab zoo dua ntawm qhov kub qis, yog li cov raj xa dej txhuas thiab cov raj xa dej txhuas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv sib cais cua.

⑥ Cov yeeb nkab txhuas:

Cov kav dej txhuas feem ntau siv ua cov kav dej rau kev thauj cov kua qaub. Lawv tuaj yeem thauj 0.5% -15% sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide, 60% hydrofluoric acid, thiab acetic acid nrog qhov concentration tsawg dua 80%. Nws tsis haum rau kev thauj nitric acid, hypochlorous acid thiab lwm yam xov xwm. Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kav dej txhuas yog 200 ℃.

Lub raj tsis yog hlau

Cov yeeb nkab yas, yeeb nkab yas, yeeb nkab iav, yeeb nkab ceramic, yeeb nkab cement.

①Cov yeeb nkab yas:

Qhov zoo ntawm cov kav dej yas yog qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion, lub teeb yuag, yooj yim molding thiab yooj yim ua.

Qhov tsis zoo yog lub zog qis thiab tsis kam kub.

Tam sim no, cov kav dej yas feem ntau siv yog cov kav dej polyvinyl chloride nyuaj, cov kav dej polyvinyl chloride mos, cov kav dej polyethylene,cov kav dej polypropylene, thiab cov kav hlau nrog polyolefin thiab polychlorotrifluoroethylene txau rau ntawm qhov chaw.

②Rubber raj:

Lub raj roj hmab muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, lub teeb yuag, zoo plasticity, yooj ywm thiab yooj yim installation thiab disassembly.

Cov raj roj hmab feem ntau siv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm roj hmab ntuj lossis roj hmab hluavtaws, thiab tsim nyog rau cov sijhawm uas qhov kev xav tau siab tsis siab.

③Lub raj iav:

Lub raj iav muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv taus xeb, pob tshab, yooj yim ntxuav, tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv, thiab tus nqi qis. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws tawg yooj yim thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov siab.

Nws feem ntau siv rau hauv kev sim lossis kev sim ua haujlwm.

④Tub raj ua los ntawm cov av nplaum:

Cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo ib yam li iav thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv xeb zoo. Ntxiv rau hydrofluoric acid, fluorosilicic acid thiab cov alkalis muaj zog, lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam kev sib xyaw ntawm cov inorganic acids, organic acids thiab cov organic solvents.

Vim nws lub zog qis thiab brittleness, nws feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov xov xwm corrosive hauv cov kav dej phwj thiab cov kav dej cua.

⑤Cov yeeb nkab cement:

Nws yog siv rau lub sijhawm uas qhov kev xav tau siab thiab kev sib khi ntawm cov yeeb nkab txuas tsis siab, xws li cov dej phwj hauv av thiab cov kav dej ntws.