1 Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv lub valve

1.1 Piav qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm lub valve hauv cov khoom siv lossis lub cuab yeej

Txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm ntawm lub valve: qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm siab, qhov kub ua haujlwm thiab txoj kev tswj kev ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam;

1.2 Xaiv hom valve kom raug

Qhov kev xaiv hom valve kom raug yog raws li tus tsim qauv nkag siab tag nrho txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm. Thaum xaiv hom valve, tus tsim qauv yuav tsum paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua lub valve ua ntej;

1.3 Txheeb xyuas qhov kawg ntawm qhov txuas ntawm lub valve

Ntawm cov kev sib txuas threaded, kev sib txuas flange thiab kev sib txuas welding kawg, ob qho thawj zaug yog siv feem ntau. Cov li qub threaded feem ntau yog cov li qub uas muaj txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 50 hli. Yog tias txoj kab uas hla loj dhau, kev teeb tsa thiab kev kaw ntawm qhov kev sib txuas nyuaj heev. Cov li qub txuas nrog flange yooj yim dua rau kev teeb tsa thiab disassemble, tab sis lawv hnyav dua thiab kim dua li cov li qub threaded, yog li lawv tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas yeeb nkab ntawm ntau txoj kab uas hla thiab siab. Kev sib txuas welding tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej hnyav thiab txhim khu kev qha dua li kev sib txuas flange. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj rau disassemble thiab rov nruab cov li qub txuas los ntawm kev welding, yog li nws siv tsuas yog txwv rau cov xwm txheej uas nws feem ntau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev, lossis cov xwm txheej siv hnyav thiab qhov kub siab;

1.4 Kev xaiv cov khoom siv valve

Ntxiv rau kev xav txog cov khoom siv lub cev (kub, siab) thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg (corrosiveness) ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, qhov huv ntawm cov khoom siv (seb puas muaj cov khoom khov) yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum xaiv cov khoom siv ntawm lub plhaub valve, cov khoom sab hauv thiab qhov chaw sealing. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cai lij choj ntawm lub xeev thiab lub chaw haujlwm neeg siv yuav tsum tau xa mus rau. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv valve kom raug thiab tsim nyog tuaj yeem tau txais lub neej kev pabcuam pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub valve. Cov txheej txheem xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev valve yog: hlau cam khwb cia-carbon hlau-stainless hlau, thiab cov txheej txheem xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv nplhaib sealing yog: roj hmab-tooj ​​liab-hlau hlau-F4;

1.5 Lwm yam

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov dej ntws npaum li cas thiab qib siab ntawm cov kua dej ntws los ntawm lub valve, thiab yuav tsum xaiv lub valve uas tsim nyog siv cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm (xws li cov ntawv teev cov khoom valve, cov qauv khoom valve, thiab lwm yam).

2 Kev Taw Qhia Txog Cov Valves Uas Siv Tau Ntau

Muaj ntau hom li qub, thiab cov ntau yam nyuaj heev. Cov hom tseem ceeb yoglub qhov rooj vag, cov qhov tso pa tawm, cov qhov tso pa tawm,npauj npaim li qub, cov qhov ntsaws, cov qhov pob, cov qhov hluav taws xob, cov qhov diaphragm, cov qhov xyuas, cov qhov kev nyab xeeb, cov qhov txo siab,cov qhov ntxiab pa thiab cov qhov kaw thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev,cov uas feem ntau siv yog cov qhov rooj vag, cov qhov nres, cov qhov throttle, cov qhov ntsaws, cov qhov npauj npaim, cov qhov pob, cov qhov kuaj xyuas, thiab cov qhov diaphragm.

2.1 Lub Rooj Vag Valve

Lub qhov rooj vag valve yog lub qhov rooj uas nws lub cev qhib thiab kaw (lub phaj valve) yog tsav los ntawm lub qia valve thiab txav mus rau saum thiab nqis raws qhov chaw kaw ntawm lub rooj zaum valve, uas tuaj yeem txuas lossis txiav tawm qhov kev hla ntawm cov kua dej. Piv nrog rau lub qhov rooj nres, lub qhov rooj nres muaj kev ua haujlwm kaw zoo dua, tsis tshua muaj zog tiv thaiv kua dej, tsawg dua kev siv zog hauv kev qhib thiab kaw, thiab muaj qee qhov kev ua haujlwm hloov kho. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov qhov rooj kaw feem ntau siv. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov loj me, cov qauv nyuaj dua li lub qhov rooj nres, yooj yim hnav ntawm qhov chaw kaw, thiab nyuaj txij nkawm. Nws feem ntau tsis haum rau kev kaw. Raws li qhov chaw xov ntawm lub qia valve, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: hom qia nce thiab hom qia zais. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub phaj rooj vag, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: hom wedge thiab hom sib luag.

2.2 Lub qhov tso pa tawm

Lub valve nres yog lub valve kaw downward, uas qhov qhib thiab kaw qhov (valve disc) raug tsav los ntawm lub valve qia kom txav mus rau saum thiab nqis raws li lub axis ntawm lub rooj zaum valve (qhov chaw sealing). Piv nrog lub valve rooj vag, nws muaj kev ua tau zoo kho, kev ua tau zoo sealing tsis zoo, cov qauv yooj yim, kev tsim khoom yooj yim thiab kev saib xyuas, kev tiv thaiv dej ntau, thiab tus nqi qis. Nws yog lub valve txiav feem ntau siv, feem ntau siv rau cov kav dej nruab nrab thiab me me.

2.3 Lub pob valve

Qhov qhib thiab kaw ntawm lub pob valve yog cov pob kheej kheej nrog cov qhov ncig, thiab lub pob kheej kheej tig nrog lub qia valve kom paub qhov qhib thiab kaw ntawm lub valve. Lub pob valve muaj cov qauv yooj yim, hloov pauv sai, ua haujlwm yooj yim, me me, lub teeb yuag, ob peb qhov, tsis tshua muaj dej, zoo sealing, thiab yooj yim txij nkawm.

2.4 Lub qhov cua ntswj

Tsuas yog lub valve disc xwb, lub throttle valve muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam li lub valve nres. Nws lub valve disc yog ib qho khoom siv throttling, thiab cov duab sib txawv muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub rooj zaum valve yuav tsum tsis txhob loj dhau, vim nws qhov siab qhib me me thiab qhov nruab nrab ntws nce ntxiv, yog li ua kom lub valve disc puas sai dua. Lub throttle valve muaj qhov loj me me, lub teeb yuag, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm kev hloov kho tsis siab.

2.5 Lub qhov ntsaws

Lub qhov ntsaws siv lub cev ntsaws nrog lub qhov hla ua qhov qhib thiab kaw, thiab lub cev ntsaws tig nrog lub qia valve kom ua tiav qhov qhib thiab kaw. Lub qhov ntsaws muaj cov qauv yooj yim, qhib thiab kaw sai, ua haujlwm yooj yim, tiv taus kua me me, ob peb qhov, thiab qhov hnyav sib dua. Cov qhov ntsaws muaj nyob rau hauv hom ncaj-dhau, peb-txoj kev, thiab plaub-txoj kev. Cov qhov ntsaws ncaj-dhau yog siv los txiav tawm qhov nruab nrab, thiab cov qhov ntsaws peb-txoj kev thiab plaub-txoj kev yog siv los hloov qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov nruab nrab lossis tig qhov nruab nrab.

2.6 Lub qhov dej npauj npaim

Lub valve npauj npaim yog ib lub phaj npauj npaim uas tig 90 ° ncig ib txoj kab ruaj khov hauv lub cev valve kom ua tiav qhov qhib thiab kaw. Lub valve npauj npaim yog me me, lub teeb yuag, yooj yim hauv cov qauv, thiab tsuas muaj ob peb qhov chaw xwb.

Thiab nws tuaj yeem qhib thiab kaw sai sai los ntawm kev tig 90 °, thiab nws yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm. Thaum lub npauj npaim valve nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib tag nrho, qhov tuab ntawm lub phaj npauj npaim yog qhov tsis kam tsuas yog thaum cov khoom nruab nrab ntws los ntawm lub cev valve. Yog li ntawd, qhov poob siab tsim los ntawm lub valve yog me me heev, yog li nws muaj cov yam ntxwv tswj kev ntws zoo. Cov npauj npaim valve raug muab faib ua ob hom kev sib khi: elastic mos foob thiab hlau tawv foob. Rau cov elastic foob valves, lub nplhaib sib khi tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub cev valve lossis txuas rau ntawm lub phaj npauj npaim. Nws muaj kev ua tau zoo sealing thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev kaw, nrog rau cov kav dej nruab nrab thiab cov xov xwm corrosive. Cov valves nrog cov hlau foob feem ntau muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua li cov valves nrog cov elastic foob, tab sis nws nyuaj rau ua tiav kev kaw tag nrho. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau lub sijhawm uas qhov ntws thiab siab poob sib txawv heev thiab xav tau kev ua tau zoo throttling. Cov hlau foob tuaj yeem hloov kho rau qhov kub ua haujlwm siab dua, thaum cov elastic foob muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev txwv los ntawm qhov kub.

2.7 Tshawb xyuas lub valve

Lub valve kuaj xyuas yog lub valve uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov kua dej rov qab los. Lub valve disc ntawm lub valve kuaj xyuas qhib raws li qhov kev ua ntawm cov kua dej siab, thiab cov kua dej ntws los ntawm sab nkag mus rau sab tawm. Thaum qhov kev siab ntawm sab nkag qis dua li ntawm sab tawm, lub valve disc yuav kaw cia raws li qhov kev ua ntawm cov yam xws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua dej siab thiab nws lub zog nqus kom tiv thaiv cov kua dej rov qab los. Raws li cov qauv tsim, nws muab faib ua lub valve kuaj xyuas nqa thiab lub valve kuaj xyuas viav vias. Lub valve kuaj xyuas nqa muaj kev sib khi zoo dua li lub valve kuaj xyuas viav vias thiab tiv thaiv cov kua dej ntau dua. Rau qhov chaw nqus ntawm lub twj tso kua mis, yuav tsum xaiv lub valve ko taw. Nws lub luag haujlwm yog: kom sau cov yeeb nkab nkag ntawm lub twj tso kua mis nrog dej ua ntej pib lub twj tso kua mis; kom cov yeeb nkab nkag thiab lub cev twj tso kua mis puv nrog dej tom qab nres lub twj tso kua mis los npaj rau kev rov pib dua. Lub valve ko taw feem ntau tsuas yog ntsia rau ntawm cov yeeb nkab ntsug ntawm lub twj tso kua mis, thiab cov khoom nruab nrab ntws los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj.

2.8 Lub qhov cua ntawm lub qhov (diaphragm valve)

Qhov qhib thiab kaw ntawm lub diaphragm valve yog lub diaphragm roj hmab, uas yog sandwiched ntawm lub cev valve thiab lub hau valve.

Qhov uas tawm ntawm lub diaphragm yog tsau rau ntawm lub valve qia, thiab lub cev valve yog hlua nrog roj hmab. Vim tias cov khoom nruab nrab tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov sab hauv ntawm lub hau valve, lub valve qia tsis xav tau lub thawv ntim khoom. Lub diaphragm valve muaj cov qauv yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm zoo sealing, yooj yim txij nkawm, thiab tsis tshua muaj dej tsis kam. Diaphragm valves raug muab faib ua hom weir, hom ncaj, hom kaum sab xis thiab hom tam sim no ncaj qha.

3 Cov lus qhia xaiv lub valve feem ntau

3.1 Cov lus qhia xaiv lub qhov rooj vag

Feem ntau, yuav tsum xaiv cov qhov rooj vag ua ntej. Ntxiv rau cov pa dej, roj thiab lwm yam xov xwm, cov qhov rooj vag kuj tsim nyog rau cov xov xwm uas muaj cov khoom tawg thiab viscosity siab, thiab tsim nyog rau cov qhov rau kev tso pa tawm thiab cov tshuab nqus tsev qis. Rau cov xov xwm uas muaj cov khoom tawg, lub cev qhov rooj vag yuav tsum muaj ib lossis ob lub qhov ntxuav. Rau cov xov xwm kub qis, yuav tsum xaiv lub qhov rooj vag tshwj xeeb kub qis.

3.2 Cov lus qhia xaiv lub valve nres

Lub qhov valve nres yog tsim rau cov kav dej uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj kua dej, uas yog, qhov poob siab tsis raug suav hais tias ntau, nrog rau cov kav dej lossis cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias siab. Nws yog tsim rau cov kav dej pa thiab lwm yam kav dej uas muaj DN < 200 hli; cov qhov valve me me tuaj yeem siv cov qhov valve nres, xws li cov qhov valve koob, cov qhov valve ntsuas, cov qhov valve kuaj, cov qhov valve ntsuas siab, thiab lwm yam; cov qhov valve nres muaj kev tswj hwm ntws lossis kev tswj hwm siab, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm kev tswj hwm tsis siab, thiab lub raj xa dej me me, yog li yuav tsum xaiv cov qhov valve nres lossis cov qhov valve throttle; rau cov xov xwm lom heev, yuav tsum xaiv cov qhov valve nres uas muaj bellows-sealed; tab sis yuav tsum tsis txhob siv cov qhov valve nres rau cov xov xwm uas muaj viscosity siab thiab cov xov xwm uas muaj cov khoom me me uas yooj yim los nag, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv lawv ua cov qhov valve cua thiab cov qhov valve rau cov tshuab nqus tsev qis.

3.3 Cov lus qhia xaiv lub pob valve

Cov pob valve yog tsim rau cov khoom siv uas kub tsawg, siab siab, thiab viscosity siab. Feem ntau cov pob valve siv tau rau hauv cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom khov kho, thiab kuj siv tau rau cov khoom siv hmoov thiab cov khoom siv granular raws li cov khoom siv xav tau ntawm lub foob; cov pob valve puv channel tsis haum rau kev tswj kev ntws, tab sis haum rau cov xwm txheej uas xav tau qhib thiab kaw sai, uas yooj yim rau kev txiav tawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev; cov pob valve feem ntau raug pom zoo rau cov kav dej uas muaj kev ua haujlwm sealing nruj, hnav, cov channel shrinkage, qhib thiab kaw sai, txiav tawm siab siab (qhov sib txawv siab loj), suab nrov tsawg, gasification phenomenon, torque ua haujlwm me me, thiab tsis kam kua me me; cov pob valve yog tsim rau cov qauv sib dua, txiav tawm siab qis, thiab cov khoom siv corrosive; cov pob valve kuj yog cov pob valve zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv kub tsawg thiab txias tob. Rau cov kab ke thiab cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv kub tsawg, cov pob valve kub tsawg nrog lub hau valve yuav tsum tau xaiv; thaum siv cov pob valve ntab, cov khoom siv lub rooj zaum valve yuav tsum dais lub nra ntawm lub pob thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm. Cov pob valve loj uas muaj txoj kab uas hla loj xav tau lub zog ntau dua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab cov pob valve DN≥200mm yuav tsum siv cov iav kis kab mob; cov pob valve ruaj khov yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej nrog txoj kab uas hla loj dua thiab siab dua; ntxiv rau, cov pob valve siv rau cov kav dej ntawm cov khoom siv txheej txheem lom heev thiab cov xov xwm flammable yuav tsum muaj cov qauv hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv zoo li qub.

3.4 Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv Rau Lub Throttle Valve

Cov qhov dej ntws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias qis thiab siab, thiab tsim nyog rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev kho qhov ntws thiab siab. Lawv tsis haum rau cov xov xwm uas muaj viscosity siab thiab muaj cov khoom khov, thiab tsis haum rau cov qhov dej cais.

3.5 Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv Rau Lub Qhov (Plug Valve)

Cov qhov ntsaws valve yog tsim rau cov sijhawm uas xav tau kev qhib thiab kaw sai. Lawv feem ntau tsis haum rau cov pa thiab cov khoom kub siab. Lawv yog siv rau cov khoom uas muaj qhov kub qis thiab viscosity siab, thiab kuj tsim nyog rau cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom dai.

3.6 Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv Rau Lub Npauj Npaim Valve

Cov npauj npaim li qub yog tsim rau cov sijhawm nrog cov kab uas hla loj (xws li DN ﹥600mm) thiab cov qauv luv luv uas yuav tsum tau ua, nrog rau cov sijhawm uas xav tau kev tswj hwm kev ntws thiab qhib thiab kaw sai. Lawv feem ntau siv rau cov xov xwm xws li dej, roj thiab cua compressed nrog qhov kub ≤80 ℃ thiab siab ≤1.0MPa; txij li cov npauj npaim li qub muaj qhov poob siab loj piv rau cov rooj vag li qub thiab cov pob li qub, cov npauj npaim li qub yog tsim rau cov kav dej nrog qhov yuav tsum tau poob siab.

3.7 Cov Lus Qhia Xaiv Rau Kev Tshawb Xyuas Valve

Cov ntsuas valve feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv huv, thiab tsis haum rau cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom khov thiab viscosity siab. Thaum DN≤40mm, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub ntsuas valve nqa (tsuas yog tso cai rau ntsia rau ntawm cov kav dej kab rov tav); thaum DN = 50 ~ 400mm, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub ntsuas valve nqa (tuaj yeem ntsia rau ntawm ob qho tib si kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Yog tias ntsia rau ntawm cov kav dej ntsug, qhov nruab nrab ntws yuav tsum yog los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj); thaum DN≥450mm, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub ntsuas valve buffer; thaum DN = 100 ~ 400mm, lub ntsuas valve wafer kuj tseem siv tau; lub ntsuas valve nqa tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm siab heev, PN tuaj yeem ncav cuag 42MPa, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab txhua qhov kub ua haujlwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm lub plhaub thiab cov foob. Cov khoom siv nruab nrab yog dej, pa, roj, corrosive nruab nrab, roj, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Qhov kub ua haujlwm nruab nrab yog ntawm -196 ~ 800 ℃.

3.8 Cov lus qhia xaiv lub diaphragm valve

Cov li qub diaphragm yog tsim rau roj, dej, cov kua qaub thiab cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom dai nrog qhov kub ua haujlwm tsawg dua 200 ℃ thiab siab tsawg dua 1.0 MPa, tab sis tsis yog rau cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab cov tshuaj oxidants muaj zog. Cov li qub diaphragm hom Weir yog tsim rau cov khoom siv granular abrasive. Lub rooj qhia txog kev ntws yuav tsum tau siv rau kev xaiv cov li qub diaphragm hom weir. Cov li qub diaphragm ncaj-dhau yog tsim rau cov kua viscous, cov cement slurries thiab cov khoom siv sedimentary. Tsuas yog cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, cov li qub diaphragm yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau ntawm cov kav dej nqus tsev thiab cov khoom siv nqus tsev.